Linux Dashboard Solution With Opera Widgets and Compiz Fusion

Many users who have migrated to using some form of Linux from Apple’s OS X, and even many who have not used OS X before find themselves looking for a Linux Dashboard solution. That is, many users look for a way to replicate the functionality of the OS X dashboard on a Linux operating system.

What is the Dashboard in the first place? It is an application designed for OS X systems that supports small applications known as widgets. These widgets are single purpose interactive virtual applications that are used, for example, to display the latest information, the time and date, the weather, online sites, and so on. They are small and simple, and allow for a great degree of customization since the user can select which widgets to use and which not to use. In a sense, they allow users to put together their own interface for performing their own kinds and mix of activities on the computer, both off and online. They are especially useful for power users and web developers who would need access to a wide variety of small apps over the course of their day.

This function as a widget engine is not unique to Dashboard, however. There exist several different engines that Linux users could also possibly use, if they just wanted to have widgets on their systems. What would probably be the more unique feature of Dashboard is the fact that these widgets are placed on a semi-transparent layer that is invisible until called up by the user. This layer can be activated by clicking on the appropriate icon, pressing a user-selected hotkey, or even moving the mouse to a specified corner of the screen. The widget layer would then be displayed with the actual desktop faded in the background. This means that the widgets are out of the way until the user needs them, providing an elegant solution to the clutter that inevitably became a problem with the use of widgets. Read the rest of this entry »

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Linux Boot Process

As many people have often wondered, how does the Linux/Unix operating system boot? How could I put in a process to run during boot so that I do not have to start it every time manually? To do this one has to understand the basic environment procedure that is currently in place to add anything to it.

On a typical Linux system, I prefer Debian, the bootloader points to the kernel which in turn points to a file under /etc known as inittab. The interaction between the bootloader and the kernel is complex enough for another article.

  1. The /etc/inittab is a file that contains a set of instructions to call a specific directory under the /etc directory. It is a Shell script that looks something like this:

    # /etc/inittab: init(8) configuration.
    # $Id: inittab,v 1.91 2002/01/25 13:35:21 miquels Exp $

    # The default runlevel.
    id:2:initdefault:

    # Boot-time system configuration/initialization script.
    # This is run first except when booting in emergency (-b) mode.
    si::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS

  2. The system then calls the /etc/init.d/rcS shell script. This script then executes each shell script found in /etc/rcS.d/ directory. When an application is added to the system it will place its startup script in either the /etc/rcS.d/ or the /etc/rc2.d/ directory. This set of scripts are run initially and are system specific and should never be tampered with. After this set of scripts spawns off each process the /etc/init.d/rcS script then calls all files under /etc/rc2.d/ directory. The /etc/rc2.d/ directory is usually application software and not software required specifically for the system. Each file in these directories has a S(for start) and a number. For example: S43portmap. The number does not mean it will be the 43rd process started, but instead is used to stagger which process is started. Thus, if you wanted something to start before or after S43portmap you would set the prefix to be S40 for before the S43portmap and S50 for after the S43portmap. Read the rest of this entry »
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Shutting Down Linux Properly & Recovering After an Improper Shutdown – Linux System Admin Training

If a Linux system is not working properly and it “hangs” or if it loses power (due to a power failure or some other reason) – then the system has not been shut down “cleanly” (or “properly”).

If a Linux system was not shut down cleanly, watch its screen as it starts again. Important information appears on the screen when a system starts. This can help you to diagnose and fix a problem.

Be Sure To Shut Down A Linux System Properly (Cleanly)

When you are finished working at a Linux system and need to turn the power off, you should do the steps to shut the system down cleanly (with a Linux command or menu) prior to turning the power off.

To shut down a Linux system from a Linux GUI desktop, you can do steps similar to: Menu ; Log Out ; Shut Down ; OK

If you are working on a Linux server system at the Linux command line prompt in “text mode” then run the Linux shutdown command to shut your Linux system down.

Linux shutdown Command Example

The following Linux shutdown command example shuts down the Linux OS and turns the power off. Read the rest of this entry »

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